{"id":2512,"date":"2013-07-10T14:44:14","date_gmt":"2013-07-10T14:44:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/?p=2512"},"modified":"2013-07-10T14:56:11","modified_gmt":"2013-07-10T14:56:11","slug":"hydrostatic-pressure-machine-hpm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/hydrostatic-pressure-machine-hpm\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrostatic Pressure Machine (HPM)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Resource and requirement<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Unused low head potential in England: 800 \u2192 1000 MW<\/li>\n<li>From old mills and river weirs, (~ 30,000 mills were in operation in the 1850\u2019s)<\/li>\n<li>Global resource available from run of river sites to irrigations canals<\/li>\n<li>No economically viable very low head and high flow rate machine currently available<\/li>\n<li>New requirement for an economic and ecologically acceptable turbine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Concept &#8211; Hydrostatic Pressure Machine (HPM)<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_2517\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_concept.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2517\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2517\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_concept-300x195.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_concept-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_concept-1024x668.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_concept.png 1358w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2517\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Concept of the HPM<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Members of the sustainable energy research group \u00a0(Gerald Muller, James\u00a0Senior, Nick Linton and William Batten) have been involved in the design and development new machine.<\/p>\n<p>This new machine developed at Southampton University, uses hydrostatic pressure difference. It is a simple machine which can feasibly take a high volume of flow and also also fish as sediment passage.<\/p>\n<p>The further development and field demonstrations has been a part of the\u00a0<a title=\"HYLOW\" href=\"http:\/\/www.energy.soton.ac.uk\/hylow\/\">HYLOW project<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Theory<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_2516\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_theory.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2516\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2516\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_theory-300x285.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_theory-300x285.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_theory.png 508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2516\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Theory predictions<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>The novel principles:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Wheels acts as weir and maintains head difference<\/li>\n<li>Hydrostatic pressure acts on moving wheel blade<\/li>\n<li>Pressure head reduces with increasing wheel speed<\/li>\n<li>Losses caused by turbulence, and leakage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Theoretical properties:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Efficiency reduces with increasing flow rate (Q)<\/li>\n<li>Maximum efficiency does \u000bnot coincide with max. power<\/li>\n<li>Flow volumes Q = 2 m\u00b3\/s \u2022 m<\/li>\n<li>Power: 5 \u2192 150 kW<\/li>\n<li>Efficiencies: 70 \u2192 85%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00a0Lab model experiments<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_2513\" style=\"width: 304px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_Lab.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2513\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2513\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_Lab-294x300.png\" width=\"294\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_Lab-294x300.png 294w, https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_Lab-1005x1024.png 1005w, https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_Lab.png 1193w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2513\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the configurations tested at Lab scale<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>\u00a0Lab scale model:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Most tests done at \u000b1:6 scale<\/li>\n<li>12 bladed machine<\/li>\n<li>Used to further develop theory and design field installations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00a0Parameters tested:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Hub to diameter ratio<\/li>\n<li>Blade shape \/ angle<\/li>\n<li>Machine to channel width<\/li>\n<li>Shoe shapes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Field demonstration (1)\u00a0Reactivation of old mill<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_2514\" style=\"width: 237px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_millReactivation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2514\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2514\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_millReactivation-227x300.png\" width=\"227\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_millReactivation-227x300.png 227w, https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_millReactivation-776x1024.png 776w, https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_millReactivation.png 941w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2514\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reactivation of a Mill at Partenstein, Germany with a HPM.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>(A) Retrofit of an old mill to generate electricity<\/p>\n<p>(B) Inclined blades, steel runner with concrete support structure<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0Measured performance<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Mech. efficiency: 80%<\/li>\n<li>Total eff. (hydro \u2192 elec): 65%<\/li>\n<li>Measurements agree well with theory<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00a0Advantages:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Economical<\/li>\n<li>Ecologically compatible allows for sediment and fish passage<\/li>\n<li>Retrofit possible<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Field demonstration (2) Run of river installation<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_2515\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_runOfRiver.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2515\" class=\"size-large wp-image-2515\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_runOfRiver-1024x381.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_runOfRiver-1024x381.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_runOfRiver-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/files\/2013\/07\/HPM_runOfRiver.png 1964w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2515\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Run-of-river plant, with fish pass, installed River Iskar, Bulgaria<\/p><\/div>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Performance<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Pmax = 12 kW (elec.)<\/li>\n<li>H = 1.00 m<\/li>\n<li>Q = 1.80 m\u00b3\/s<\/li>\n<li>Max. eff. hydro\u2192 elec: 77% \u000b ~ 60% design flow<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Further details<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Senior, J.,\u00a0Muller, G.U.\u00a0and\u00a0Wiemann, P.\u00a0(2007)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/eprints.soton.ac.uk\/53058\/\">The development of the rotary hydraulic pressure machine.<\/a>\u00a0In,\u00a032nd IAHR Conference 2007,\u00a0Venice, Italy,\u00a001 &#8211; 06 Jul 2007.<\/li>\n<li><span>Senior, James,\u00a0Saenger, Nicole\u00a0and\u00a0Muller, Gerald\u00a0(2010)\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/eprints.soton.ac.uk\/184955\/\">New hydropower converters for very low-head differences.<\/a><span>\u00a0Journal of Hydraulic Research,\u00a048,\u00a0(6),\u00a0703-714.(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/00221686.2010.529301\">doi:10.1080\/00221686.2010.529301\u00a0<\/a><span>).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Resource and requirement Unused low head potential in England: 800 \u2192 1000 MW From old mills and river weirs, (~ 30,000 mills were in operation in the 1850\u2019s) Global resource available from run of river sites to irrigations canals No economically viable very low head and high flow rate machine currently available New requirement for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90699,"featured_media":2517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[417957],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydropower"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90699"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2512"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2520,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2512\/revisions\/2520"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/serg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}