{"id":893,"date":"2017-05-01T05:49:51","date_gmt":"2017-05-01T05:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/?p=893"},"modified":"2017-04-25T05:58:32","modified_gmt":"2017-04-25T05:58:32","slug":"punked-upstart-brewing-company-sold-sold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/from-the-web\/2017\/05\/punked-upstart-brewing-company-sold-sold\/","title":{"rendered":"Punked? How an Upstart Brewing Company Sold Up and Sold Out"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/files\/165213\/width754\/image-20170413-25901-1rr4isy.jpg\" alt=\"Image 20170413 25901 1rr4isy\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/swishphotos\/3999981247\/in\/photolist-76sX4V-b3Bxsn-ahWCjD-GLv4eP-guQZeR-hq9X7j-ewTizc-7y3AZx-84iDFJ-cuW1gs-b3BxNX-aU9oGH-e3ZFKd-gTBmTx-e3xByH-cBX1xY-bJ4VkF-fGbRFg-eEmhjP-eEmgE6-gS4DpB-9sxgWe-84iDAJ-hxH2Vv-6Pdy8A-bVgorR-d4f77L-eEsnpy-72Hnom-ccCE7f-7aB2YX-A6ws23-8WDDQh-7XQhBu-d4f7BS-TGHAJW-rfBUsB-brsHXG-d4f6AA-ntUdT1-7aFgWu-7aB3AX-7aFi4G-7aBuXx-6Pdym7-b4LkUB-7aFhs9-7aBsKR-aVG3bT-6LwMh2\">Justin Green\/Flickr<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/scott-taylor-142359\">Scott Taylor<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-birmingham-1138\">University of Birmingham<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Want to be a multi-millionaire? Well then, start a \u201crebel business\u201d, generate brand controversy \u2013 and then sell it to the capitalists you appeared to despise. That\u2019s one way to do it.<\/p>\n<p>Scottish multinational brewery, distiller and bar chain BrewDog is the most recent version of this story. It has attracted a lot of attention recently. First, the firm blamed \u201ctrigger-happy\u201d corporate lawyers for sending out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2017\/mar\/28\/brewdog-lawsuit-bar-punk-brewer-pub\">\u201ccease and desist\u201d letters<\/a> to small independent bars to protect its trademarking. Now the co-founders have announced they have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brewdog.com\/lowdown\/blog\/agm-announcement\">sold 22% of the company<\/a> to a US private equity firm, valuing BrewDog at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2017\/apr\/09\/punk-beermaker-brewdog-sells-22-of-firm-to-private-equity-house\">surprising \u00a31 billion<\/a>. The two founders are now reported to be around \u00a3100m better off between them.<\/p>\n<p>There are two stories here. One is about remarkable growth and success selling interesting products. That should be celebrated for job creation, promotion of different beers and spirits \u2013 and for provoking a sense of fun while challenging the dysfunctions of contemporary capitalism. But there\u2019s also another story, that feels less good. It is a tale of a company which carefully identifies ways to generate publicity, no matter how offensive (a beer called \u201cTrashy Blonde\u201d, anyone?) \u2013 and which <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedrum.com\/news\/2016\/03\/09\/brewdog-boss-james-watt-dubs-bbc-who-s-boss-appearance-bit-disaster\">attracts some hard questions<\/a> about corporate culture which don\u2019t suggest a rebellious workplace encouraging freedom of thought. And in the final chapter, there is a rapid move from challenging capitalism to embodying it. It\u2019s not easy trading on rebellion.<\/p>\n<h2>Monetised, not televised<\/h2>\n<p>But rebellion sells. Since the 1950s, when Hollywood filmmakers realised that young people would pay to get into cinemas to find out more about the Californian youth culture that surrounded Los Angeles, capitalists have been making money out of rebellion. North American <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tcfrank.com\/\">cultural commentator Thomas Frank<\/a> provided <a href=\"http:\/\/press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/C\/bo3618721.html\">an early account<\/a> of \u201cthe conquest of cool\u201d, noting how Gil Scott Heron\u2019s raw, angry, anti-capitalist poem\/song The Revolution Will Not Be Televised became central to a Nike advertising campaign.<\/p>\n<figure><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0w-PHXPhnCc?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-GB&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/figure>\n<p>Finding the latest nonconformity to be monetised can even be a job. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.williamgibsonbooks.com\/\">Novelist William Gibson<\/a>, an acute observer of contemporary capitalism, created a trilogy of books around a \u201ccoolhunter\u201d who identified what trends would move from the inner cities to provincial high streets.<\/p>\n<p>As Gibson knows, punk in particular sells: t-shirts, boots, trousers, music \u2013 and, recently, beer. The idea of punk is inherently plastic \u2013 it cuts across music, poetry, politics, clothes, hairstyles, even <a href=\"http:\/\/www.palgrave.com\/la\/book\/9781137371201\">approaches to academic work<\/a>. As an ethos it\u2019s notoriously difficult to define. But that doesn\u2019t stop corporate attempts to make money from it \u2013 perhaps it even helps.<\/p>\n<p>People like to buy a spirit of rebellion \u2013 revolution even \u2013 and, if possible, show that they\u2019re resisting capitalism while consuming. But what starts out as fun \u2013 as a way of differentiating a t-shirt or a car \u2013 can become a millstone, especially if the company grows and the rebel\u2019s choice becomes one that everyone makes.<\/p>\n<h2>Ker-ching<\/h2>\n<p>This is exactly what has happened to a series of small British companies before BrewDog that all started out as rebellious newcomers to well-established markets. Innocent Drinks is probably the best known \u2013 the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.innocentdrinks.co.uk\/us\/our-story\">foundation story<\/a> tells us that it was started by three university friends on a whim. Selling first at a music festival, they decided they could make a living, so they quit their jobs (in advertising \u2013 a surprising number of radical start-up rebels work in advertising before founding their own companies) to make juice drinks and smoothies full time.<\/p>\n<p>Innocent\u2019s progress was rapid \u2013 within ten years turnover and profits categorised it as a large company; it was selling into McDonald\u2019s and investors were keen to buy equity from the co-founders. In 2013, after several partial equity purchases, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2013\/feb\/22\/coca-cola-full-control-innocent\">Coca-Cola had a 90% stake<\/a> in the company.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/files\/165199\/area14mp\/image-20170413-25870-hpufhm.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/files\/165199\/width754\/image-20170413-25870-hpufhm.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Smooth operators?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/vizzzual-dot-com\/2508389764\/in\/photolist-4PE9To-5WZpyo-6XBgmE-5AtqwR-47CEvA-5vyBbL-hHjSZS-8So4j4-xuPWP-qJYsn-48VKEY-kfVaZ-8Ham3C-bGnte2-q3k3J-5qwzXs-2LvuvC-azbVY9-3n5j81-5qsgtH-azbVP3-4zPdKg-az9h62-az9hbP-5vyAWJ-dcQkSi-DPd3Q-4K66FG-8LMRVP-5X11sB-qJYru-4K1S6r-8yqUY9-qJYtd-5WZQS8-8yocWk-5WWZ6h-azbVZ3-8v2UBu-azbYbu-5wTDw3-azbVRY-azbVUU-4zPcu4-583mc5-az9h8v-4PE9DU-kfXdL-uVLeN-2yfbP7\">viZZZual.com\/Flickr<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Does this sound familiar? It should. It\u2019s almost exactly what has happened to a string of ostensibly radical, rebellious companies which trade <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2009\/apr\/07\/innocent-smoothies-coca-cola\">on a very specific ethic<\/a>. Examples include Green &amp; Black\u2019s in confectionery, Ben &amp; Jerry\u2019s in food production, The Body Shop in cosmetics, Pret A Manger in fast food, and howies in sportswear.<\/p>\n<p>Each of these organisations began with good rebellious credentials, often being sued by corporate behemoths (as Levi\u2019s did to howies), and ended up in the hands of either venture capitalists or as a subsidiary (Cadbury\/Mondelez, Unilever, L\u2019Oreal, McDonald\u2019s, Timberland). The final, universal part of these stories is that the founders become very wealthy.<\/p>\n<h2>Punk power<\/h2>\n<p>Consumers continue to make such companies grow through our desire for products that, like a t-shirt with Che Guevara\u2019s face on it, tell the world that we\u2019re different. The latest British company to go along this road trades very specifically on punk, to brand its most popular beer. BrewDog has been producing Punk IPA for almost a decade now. The idea of rebellion is central <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dayladrinks.co.uk\/products\/brewdog-punk-ipa-2\/\">to this \u201cpostmodern classic\u201d<\/a> as an \u201cinherently contradictory take on a classic style\u201d. This branding draws on, and contributes to, BrewDog\u2019s desire to be seen as radical in relation to other brewers, conventional shareholder capitalism \u2013 and really anyone in a position of authority.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/files\/165210\/area14mp\/image-20170413-25901-2pm0gg.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/files\/165210\/width754\/image-20170413-25901-2pm0gg.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">The Real Thing.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/hanan_cohen\/2251517651\/in\/photolist-4qXBKR-aefCnQ-64qbTH-rtKBN9-diyrxo-5LFx8o-jG7Dka-6jxyMa-5AGsho-dqomR4-h7nPMm-766pGX-7yvUAJ-KxHk-5bed7L-6koMNz-8KtT8v-bPJUDc-6U1vWz-ajSQrz-5Hw4HP-7b1oEb-51sog4-5paNv2-9Wy3V7-3oNXvD-4VwsiY-4geiEY-8PudR1-AkJ93-9R8pk-6QPvDu-5f9fkg-534i9f-5hToz-49FyYr-aaukUS-5cd9t-yNmEf-4eY3Sx-4aQFXZ-4PsLVQ-8kzix3-4va9As-8ozQkV-4pgEio-8oCUpU-8oDhKE-4LXKP8-6XxMHJ\">Hanan Cohen\/Flickr<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>It can be fun, for sure. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brewdog.com\/lowdown\/blog\/equity-for-punks-propaganda\">Dropping toy \u201cfat cats\u201d<\/a> from a (branded) rented helicopter over the City of London looks and feels pretty funny, especially as a way of publicising a very different way of raising capital. But there are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.portmangroup.org.uk\/media\/news-details\/2014\/04\/28\/dead-pony-club-ale-breaches-alcohol-marketing-code\">consistent objections<\/a> to the content and tone of BrewDog\u2019s marketing, beer names and expansion plans. These aren\u2019t all objections aimed at reducing the amount of fun in the world. There are coherent, clear objections to branding <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/offensive-marketing-can-work-but-not-if-it-vilifies-women-45447\">that denigrates women<\/a>, for example \u2013 and there is a good case to suggest that global expansionism is no rebel move, but simply hinders local diversity and development.<\/p>\n<p>So let\u2019s not forget the alternatives. You can make world class products but <a href=\"http:\/\/www.withloveproject.co.uk\/stuart-mitchell\">stay small and local<\/a> because you\u2019ve only got one pair of hands. Or you can buy your company back from the multinational so that it\u2019s employee-owned, as <a href=\"https:\/\/dirtmountainbike.com\/news\/howies-staff-buy-brand.html\">the folks at howies did<\/a>. And if you really have to, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K_Foundation_Burn_a_Million_Quid\">burn the money<\/a> you make (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/2016\/nov\/24\/malcolm-mclarens-son-punk-has-become-a-brand-like-mcdonalds\">or could make<\/a>) from punk. Sometimes rebellion can\u2019t be sold.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/scott-taylor-142359\">Scott Taylor<\/a>, Reader in Leadership and Organisation Studies, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-birmingham-1138\">University of Birmingham<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/punked-how-an-upstart-brewing-company-sold-up-and-sold-out-76116\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Justin Green\/Flickr, CC BY-NC-SA Scott Taylor, University of Birmingham Want to be a multi-millionaire? Well then, start a \u201crebel business\u201d, generate brand controversy \u2013 and then sell it to the capitalists you appeared to despise. That\u2019s one way to do it. Scottish multinational brewery, distiller and bar chain BrewDog is the most recent version of this story. It has attracted &#8230;<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":98059,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1030560,1030549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-from-the-web","category-general-interest","column","threecol"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/98059"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=893"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":898,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/893\/revisions\/898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.soton.ac.uk\/bscbusinessmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}